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Down Syndrome Guide

A. What is Down Syndrome?

A. What is Down Syndrome?

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder leading to the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down syndrome.

B. Types of Down Syndrome

B. Types of Down Syndrome

Down syndrome can typically occur in 3 ways:​​

Trisomy 21: In this type, the person has three copies of chromosome 21, instead of two copies.


C. Signs and symptoms of Down Syndrome

C. Signs and symptoms of Down Syndrome

Down syndrome can be diagnosed almost as soon as a baby is born, based on distinctive physical features, like:

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D. Causes of Down Syndrome

D. Causes of Down Syndrome

Down syndrome results due to abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 during development of the fetus.

E. Screening and Assessments of Down Syndrome

E. Screening and Assessments of Down Syndrome

Prenatally, In the second trimester, an ultrasound performed between 18 and 22 weeks can look for characteristics/ soft markers that indicate an increased risk of Down syndrome.



F. Treatment of Down Syndrome

F. Treatment of Down Syndrome

Early intervention is key to a better prognosis. Based on the results of the assessment, a treatment plan is built for the child to meet their developmental needs. The plan is designed to teach you and your child techniques to help them reach their full potential in all areas of development and lead an independent life. Therapies will help the child cope with the disabilities associated with Down syndrome.

G. Curability of Down Syndrome

G. Curability of Down Syndrome

Down syndrome is a genetic condition and there is no such cure for it. However, medical and therapeutic treatment options are available to reduce the severity of the symptoms and associated conditions.

H. Some activities for children with Down Syndrome

H. Some activities for children with Down Syndrome

Playing with clay, slime, sand, etc, building blocks, picking up and sorting beads, pasting stickers, are some activities that can help to improve fine motor skills.

I. Aids / Assistive technology/ toy/ books for children with Down Syndrome

I. Aids / Assistive technology/ toy/ books for children with Down Syndrome

Down syndrome children with hearing impairment would require amplification devices like hearing aids.

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