Down syndrome is a genetic disorder leading to the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down syndrome.

Down syndrome can typically occur in 3 ways:​​

Trisomy 21: In this type, the person has three copies of chromosome 21, instead of two copies.

Down syndrome can be diagnosed almost as soon as a baby is born, based on distinctive physical features, like:

​​

Down syndrome results due to abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 during development of the fetus.

Prenatally, In the second trimester, an ultrasound performed between 18 and 22 weeks can look for characteristics/ soft markers that indicate an increased risk of Down syndrome.

Early intervention is key to a better prognosis. Based on the results of the assessment, a treatment plan is built for the child to meet their developmental needs. The plan is designed to teach you and your child techniques to help them reach their full potential in all areas of development and lead an independent life. Therapies will help the child cope with the disabilities associated with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome is a genetic condition and there is no such cure for it. However, medical and therapeutic treatment options are available to reduce the severity of the symptoms and associated conditions.

Playing with clay, slime, sand, etc, building blocks, picking up and sorting beads, pasting stickers, are some activities that can help to improve fine motor skills.

Down syndrome children with hearing impairment would require amplification devices like hearing aids.